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What Is Dilation and Curettage?

Dilation and Curettage

D&C, as it is sometimes referred to, is a minor surgery that occurs in women with uterine conditions and is easily performed by simply dilating the cervix and scrapping out the lining with a curette.

D&C is both diagnostic and therapeutic. Often, D&C is conducted to manage abnormal uterine bleeding, remove tissue after miscarriage, or prepare the uterus for other procedures. The removed tissue can then be sent to the lab for diagnosis purposes, as in the case of an infection, polyp, or uterine cancer.

This procedure takes a little time and enables gynaecological doctors to handle this particular condition comfortably. Normally, D&C is practiced within a hospital or at an outpatient clinic, in which patient healing is remarkably fast, involving less suffering.

Conditions of Dilation and Curettage

Why is Dilation and Curettage Performed?

Why

A D&C procedure is usually recommended for several medical and diagnostic reasons. Below are the common situations where D&C might be performed:

  • Unusual menstrual patterns or excessive bleeding outside the regular cycle often require diagnosis or treatment with D&C. It helps clear any abnormal tissues contributing to heavy bleeding.
  • D&C is done when there are retained tissues following miscarriage or abortion. Retained tissues can lead to infection, and the only way this can be avoided is by having the uterus cleaned.
  • It involves the use of D&C to take samples of tissue in the uterus for examination purposes. This will be the key to its treatment, should it have been diagnosed earlier.
  • At times, the doctors prescribe a D&C to make the uterus free of unnecessary tissue to get it ready for surgical operations.
  • Endometrial polyps or uterine fibroids causing discomfort or abnormal bleeding can be removed with the help of D&C.
  • It is often conducted to establish the cause of unexplained bleeding following menopause.
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Dilation and Curettage Procedure

Procedure

D&C is a fast and simple procedure that usually takes place in a hospital or outpatient clinic. Here's how the process unfolds:

  • Plan sufficient rest and leave from work or home duties.
  • pregnancy test may be carried out before carrying it out as a precaution.
  • Discuss your medical history, particularly the details of previous uterine surgeries.
  • Wear comfortable clothing, and arrange for someone to drive you home post-surgery.
  • Any doctor might require any preoperative cleaning or hygiene instructions before surgery.
  • You might be advised to stop blood-thinning medications temporarily before the procedure.
  • Any questions should be raised or doubts clarified with the healthcare team prior to the procedure.
  • Let the doctor know about all medications presently being taken, including drugs and supplements.
  • Avoid eating and drinking for at least 8 hours prior to surgery. This will be instructed by the physician.

During the Procedure

Procedure

  • Tissue samples could be taken from laboratory testing
  • Minimal blood loss is typical and controlled in the process
  • Monitoring will continue until the procedure is safely done.
  • The procedure usually takes 15-30 minutes, depending on the complexity.
  • Either local or general anesthesia is given to make the procedure pain-free.
  • After ensuring that no tissue is left behind, the doctor finishes the procedure.
  • A pelvic examination is carried out to determine where the uterus is and of what type.
  • Dilation is performed using medicines or specialized surgical instruments placed in the cervix.
  • Dilating rods or a suction curette are put into the uterus to scarify and evacuate the endometrial lining.
  • The doctor can increase the accuracy of the procedure with the use of imaging, such as ultrasound.
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After the Procedure

Procedure

  • Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for at least 24-48 hours.
  • The patient may be prescribed mild cramping pain relief medication.
  • Avoid using tampons or douche for about 2 weeks to prevent infections.
  • Avoid sexual intercourse as advised by the physician for proper healing.
  • Hydrate and maintain a balanced diet to aid healing and avoid weakness.
  • Rest well and resume normal activities only when you feel absolutely recovered.
  • Light bleeding or spotting may occur for a few days. This is normal and expected.
  • The patients are shifted to the recovery area until the effects of anesthesia wear off.
  • Inform the doctor of symptoms such as fever, heavy bleeding, or foul odor discharge.
  • A follow-up visit is scheduled in order to ensure complete recovery and the absence of complications.
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Frequently Asked Questions?

FAQ

No, it is done under anesthesia. After that, some slight cramping is felt, but this subsides very soon.

D&C does not affect fertility. However, if multiple D&Cs are performed, there is a potential for uterine scarring.

The majority of the D&C procedures are conducted on an outpatient basis. The patient can return home unless complications occur.

1-2 weeks. Most patients usually make a full recovery within this duration but may experience a few days of minor pains and spotting.

D&C is generally a safe procedure, but there are always minor risks of infection, bleeding, or uterine perforation. Such risks are significantly reduced if one chooses an experienced doctor.
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