Having endometriosis doesn’t always mean you’ll have trouble getting pregnant, but it can be linked to fertility problems. Many people with endometriosis, even in severe cases, are still able to get pregnant naturally.
This article explains how pregnancy might affect endometriosis symptoms and whether it can increase the risk of complications.
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus grows outside of it. This affects other body areas, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic organs, making it difficult to get and stay pregnant.
A study from 2014 found that while 15 to 20 out of every 100 fertile couples conceive each month, this number drops to just 2 to 10 for couples dealing with endometriosis.
Endometriosis Symptoms
Endometriosis symptoms can be different for everyone. Some people may not notice any symptoms, while others may feel discomfort. Some common signs of endometriosis include
- Stomach pain
- Lower back pain
- Intense period cramps that make daily activities hard
- Pain when using the toilet during your period
- Pain during or after sex
- Constipation, diarrhea, or feeling sick during your period
- Blood in your urine during your period
- Trouble getting pregnant
- Discomfort in the thigh or leg that may gradually worsen
- Difficulty conceiving
- Anxiety or depression caused by persistent pain
How Does Pregnancy Change Endometriosis Symptoms?
Pregnancy can temporarily relieve some endometriosis symptoms, like painful periods and heavy bleeding. This happens because the body produces more progesterone, which may help shrink or slow down endometrial growth.
However, not everyone feels better during pregnancy. For some, symptoms may get worse.
As your uterus grows, it may pull and put pressure on areas of endometrial tissue, causing more discomfort. This stretching can make pain more noticeable, especially as your body adjusts to the changes during pregnancy.
Higher estrogen levels during pregnancy can also make endometrial growths larger, leading to more discomfort. Each person’s experience is different, depending on their hormone levels and how severe their endometriosis is.
What Effects Does Endometriosis have on Pregnancy?
Endometriosis can cause scar tissue in the uterus, which may create adhesions that make it harder to get pregnant. These adhesions can block the fallopian tubes, prevent eggs from being released properly, or make it difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus.
Some people with endometriosis also develop ovarian cysts, which can affect fertility.
Research suggests that endometriosis may also cause hormone imbalances that can affect egg release. While it can make getting pregnant more challenging, it doesn’t mean pregnancy is impossible.
Pregnancy Risks And Complications With Endometriosis
Miscarriage
People with endometriosis have a higher chance of miscarriage. A 2017 study found that 35.8% of those with endometriosis had a miscarriage, compared to 22% of those without it.
Signs of miscarriage before 12 weeks include bleeding, cramping, and lower back pain. After 12 weeks, symptoms may be more intense, with heavier bleeding and tissue passing.
Preterm Birth
Endometriosis can increase the risk of having a baby too early (before 37 weeks). Babies born early may have low birth weight and health issues. Signs of early labour include regular contractions, changes in vaginal discharge, and pelvic pressure.
Placenta Previa
People with endometriosis may have a higher risk of placenta previa, where the placenta is too close to or covering the cervix. This can cause heavy bleeding and complications.
The main sign is vaginal bleeding. If the bleeding is light, doctors may suggest avoiding certain activities. If it’s heavy, a blood transfusion or emergency C-section may be needed.
Preeclampsia
Endometriosis may raise the risk of preeclampsia, a pregnancy condition that causes high blood pressure. Symptoms include facial swelling, headaches, vision problems, and pain under the ribs. So, regular checkups are essential.
Cesarean Delivery
People with endometriosis may be more likely to need a C-section. This is a surgery to deliver the baby if vaginal birth isn’t safe for the parent or baby. Endometriosis-related complications may make a C-section the best option for a healthy delivery.
Endometriosis and Fertility
Endometriosis can impact fertility by affecting the chances of conception. This may result from pelvic inflammation caused by the condition or damage to the ovaries and fallopian tubes due to scarring.
It might stop the ovaries from releasing eggs, block the fallopian tubes, or make it difficult for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus. It can also create chemicals that affect the hormone levels needed for pregnancy.
Even though endometriosis can make conception more challenging, many people with the condition can still have children, either naturally or with medical help.
Treatment for Endometriosis During Endometriosis
Since surgery and hormone treatments for endometriosis aren’t safe during pregnancy.
If you’re experiencing pain, talk to your doctor about safe pain relievers. Never take any medication without their guidance, even if it’s available over the counter.
Here are a few easy methods to reduce pain:
- Take warm baths to relax your muscles and reduce cramping.
- Eat fibre-rich foods to prevent constipation and keep digestion smooth.
- Go for gentle walks or try prenatal yoga to relieve back pain.
- Use a heating pad on your lower belly or back for extra comfort.
- Drink plenty of water to reduce bloating and stay hydrated.
- Sleep with a pillow between your legs for better support at night.
- Practice deep breathing or meditation to help manage stress.
Take Away
Even though endometriosis can make pregnancy harder, many people with the condition can get pregnant and have healthy babies. By working with the best gynecologist, exploring treatment options, and making informed decisions, you can improve your chances of growing your family.
